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摘要：
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摘要：肝细胞癌（hepatocellular carcinoma，HCC）是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，大多数
患者确诊时已为晚期，失去手术治疗机会。HCC的生长、侵袭、转移及免疫耐受与肿
瘤微环境（tumor microenvironment，TME）密切相关。TME是肿瘤细胞赖以生存的
细胞环境，包括肿瘤间质、邻近细胞、血管、周边多种免疫细胞和免疫相关介质等组
分。转化生长因子-β（transforming growth factor-β，TGF-β）是一组能调节细胞生长和
分化的细胞因子，通过调节TME维持肝脏免疫耐受和免疫激活间的平衡。TGF-β参与
HCC免疫抑制性微环境的建立，肿瘤细胞及其微环境可通过TGF-β调节免疫细胞的表型
及功能，促进HCC免疫耐受实现免疫逃逸。阐明TGF-β在TME中的免疫调节作用有望
为HCC免疫治疗提供新的靶向途径和生物标志物。
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Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common types of malignant
tumor, while most patients with HCC were not eligible for surgery when diagnosed at
advanced stages. Growth, invasion, metastasis and immune tolerance of HCC are tightly
correlated with tumor microenvironment (TME), which is the cellular environment for tumor
cells to survive, including tumor stroma, adjacent cells, blood vessels, peripheral immune
cells, immune-related mediators, etc. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is known to act
as a multifunctional cytokine involved in cell growth and differentiation and plays a central
role in keeping the balance between immune tolerance and immune activation by regulating
TME. TGF-β is involved in the establishment of the immunosuppressive microenvironment
of HCC. Tumor cells and TME can modulate the phenotype and function of immune cells
through TGF-β, promote immune tolerance and achieve immune escape. To elucidate the
immunomodulatory effect of TGF-β in TME will offer new potential targeting pathways and
biomarkers for HCC immunotherapy.
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