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药物性超急性肝衰竭与药物性急性肝衰竭的临床与病理特征对比研究
作者: style="font-size: 12px ">魏润杰 1 马子坤 1 郭甜甜 1 孟尧 1 张萌萌 1 孙丽莹 1 朱志军 2 赵新颜 1 
单位:1. 首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院 肝病中心(国家消化系统疾病临床医学研究中心 消化健康全国重点实验室) 北京 100050 2. 首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院 肝移植中心(国家消化系统疾病临床医学研究中心 消化健康全国重点实验室) 北京 100050 
关键词:药物性肝损伤 超急性肝衰竭 肝性脑病 肝脏病理 肝移植 
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出版年,卷(期):页码:2026,18(1):1-8
摘要:
摘要:目的 探讨药物性超急性肝衰竭(drug-induced hyperacute liver failure,DIHALF)与药物性急性肝衰竭(drug-induced acute liver failure,DIALF)的临床与病理特征。方法 以 2015 年 1 月 1 日至 2024 年 12 月 31 日在首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院住院并接受同种异体肝移植的 19 例药物性肝衰竭(drug-induced liver failure,DILF)患者为研究对象进行回顾性研究,将患者分为 DIHALF 组(13 例)和 DIALF 组(6 例)。比较两组患者的临床资料(年龄、性别、用药种类、潜伏期、术前窗口期、术后生存期、实验室指标)及病肝的病理特点(肝细胞坏死、汇管区炎症、胆汁淤积、细胆管反应、肝细胞再生、纤维增生)。结果 DIHALF 组和 DIALF 组患者的性别、年龄、可疑药物类型、损伤类型及手术方式等差异无统计学意义(P 均 > 0.05)。DIHALF 组患者术前血浆置换比例(84.62% 比 15.38%,P = 0.046)、凝血酶原时间(中位数:45.70 s比 26.70 s,P = 0.048)、国际标准化比值(中位数:4.05 比 2.30,P = 0.035)、乳酸水平(中位数:3.20 mmol/L 比 2.10 mmol/L,P = 0.016)、药物性肝损伤死亡率预测评分(中位数:12.15 分比 9.72 分,P = 0.029)更高,直接胆红素(中位数:115.88 μmol/L比 245.99 μmol/L,P = 0.017) 和 血 小 板( 中 位 数:141.00 × 109/L 比 268.50 × 109/L,P = 0.044)水平更低,术前窗口期更短(中位数:16 d 比 82 d,P < 0.001),差异均有统计学意义。肝组织病理提示 DIHALF 组肝细胞坏死程度更重,肝细胞再生更少,但两组间病理特征评分差异无统计学意义(P 均 > 0.05)。结论 DIHALF 患者病情危重,发展迅速,肝功能和凝血功能损害更显著,内环境更不稳定。DIHALF 患者肝脏病理多表现为大块或亚大块肝细胞坏死,肝细胞再生有限。早期肝移植有助于延长生存时间并改善预后。

 Abstract: Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics of drug-induced hyperacute liver failure (DIHALF) and drug-induced acute liver failure (DIALF).

Methods A total of nineteen patients with drug-induced liver failure (DILF) who underwent
liver transplantation in Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from January
1st, 2015 to December 31st, 2024 were enrolled and retrospectively analyzed. The patients
were divided into DIHALF group (13 cases) and DIALF group (6 cases). Clinical data (age,
gender, medication types, latency period, preoperative window period, postoperative survival,
laboratory parameters) and pathological features (hepatocyte necrosis, portal inflammation,
cholestasis, bile duct reaction, hepatocyte regeneration, and fibrosis) were compared between
DIHALF group and DIALF group. Results There were no statistically significant differences
in gender, age, type of suspected drugs, pattern of liver injury and surgical approach between
DIHALF group and DIALF group (all P 0.05). Compared with the DIALF group, the
DIHALF group had a higher proportion of preoperative plasma exchange (84.62% vs. 15.38%,
P = 0.046), higher prothrombin time level (median: 45.70 s vs. 26.70 s, P = 0.048), higher
international normalized ratio (median: 4.05 vs. 2.30, P = 0.035), higher lactate level (median:
3.20 mmol/L vs. 2.10 mmol/L, P = 0.016), and higher drug-induced liver injury mortality
predictive score (median: 12.15 points vs. 9.72 points, P = 0.029); meanwhile, the DIHALF
group had lower direct bilirubin level (median: 115.88 μmol/L vs. 245.99 μmol/L, P = 0.017),
lower platelet count (median: 141.00 × 109 /L vs. 268.50 × 109 /L, P = 0.044), and shorter
preoperative window period (median: 16 d vs. 82 d, P 0.001); all the above differences were
statistically significant. Liver histopathology results showed that the DIHALF group had more
severe hepatocyte necrosis and less hepatocyte regeneration, but there were no statistically
significant difference in pathological feature scores between the two groups (all P 0.05).
Conclusions Patients with DIHALF present with more critical illness, faster progression,
more severe liver and coagulation dysfunction, and greater systemic instability. Liver
pathology in DIHALF patients often showed massive or submassive hepatocyte necrosis with
limited hepatocyte regeneration. Early liver transplantation may prolong survival and improve
prognosis in patients with DIHALF
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